See sumpah on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "to swear, to make a promise"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay sumpah (“to swear, to make a promise”)",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay sumpah (“to swear, to make a promise”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb",
"3": "invariable"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (invariable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manglish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Singlish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 10 4 1 0 19 5 5 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 13 3 1 0 18 4 4 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
49
]
],
"text": "I don’t know anything about this scandal — sumpah.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
8
]
],
"ref": "2004, Elangovan, O$P$, Singapore, →ISBN, page 16:",
"text": "I sumpah (promise) mak! Anybody can come to see you mak. I won’t tell bapak mak. If you are happy, I am happy mak. Don’t kill me mak.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
187,
193
]
],
"ref": "2017 July 4, Lee Hsien Loong, “38 Oxley Road (Debate on Ministerial Statements)”, in Parliamentary Debates: Official Report (Parliament of Singapore), volume 94:",
"text": "And because of the gravity of the matter, I voluntarily made my submissions to the Ministerial Committee in the form of sworn statutory declarations or, as they say in the coffee shops – sumpah.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To promise; to earnestly swear that something is true."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-en-verb-ARUbn-mq",
"links": [
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"earnestly",
"earnestly"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
],
[
"true",
"true"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Manglish, Singlish, intransitive) To promise; to earnestly swear that something is true."
],
"tags": [
"Manglish",
"Singlish",
"intransitive",
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpa/",
"tags": [
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsump˭ä]",
"tags": [
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum˧p˭ä˦˧]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum˨˧-]"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "menyumpah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "menyumpahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "penyumpah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either:\n* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or\n* Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumpah-sumpah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sumpah (plural sumpah-sumpah)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sum‧pah"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum‧pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bersumpah"
},
{
"word": "bersumpah-sumpahan"
},
{
"word": "mempersumpahkan"
},
{
"word": "penyumpahan"
},
{
"word": "persumpahan"
},
{
"word": "tersumpah"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oath, vow"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "sumpah advokat"
},
{
"word": "sumpah apoteker"
},
{
"word": "sumpah berselam air"
},
{
"word": "sumpah bohong"
},
{
"word": "sumpah ceker"
},
{
"word": "sumpah celup"
},
{
"word": "sumpah celur"
},
{
"word": "sumpah dokter"
},
{
"word": "sumpah Hipokrates"
},
{
"word": "sumpah jabatan"
},
{
"word": "sumpah mati"
},
{
"word": "sumpah menyelam"
},
{
"word": "sumpah minum air keris"
},
{
"word": "Sumpah Palapa"
},
{
"word": "sumpah palsu"
},
{
"word": "sumpah Pemuda"
},
{
"word": "sumpah pocong"
},
{
"word": "sumpah potong ayam"
},
{
"word": "sumpah satir"
},
{
"word": "sumpah setia"
}
],
"id": "en-sumpah-id-noun-MiAYJ0vX",
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ikrar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "menyumpah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "menyumpahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "penyumpah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "menyumpah-nyumpah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either:\n* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or\n* Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumpah-sumpah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sumpah (plural sumpah-sumpah)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sum‧pah"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum‧pah"
]
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sumpah sepata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sumpah serampu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sumpah seranah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sumpah serapah"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"curse"
],
"id": "en-sumpah-id-noun-U0IgZUUP",
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kutukan"
},
{
"word": "tulah"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"swear"
],
"id": "en-sumpah-id-noun-PvYx3~82",
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "makian"
},
{
"word": "umpatan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either:\n* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or\n* Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sumpah",
"name": "id-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sum‧pah"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum‧pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 25 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
36
]
],
"english": "I'm not the one who took it, I swear!",
"text": "Bukan aku yang ambil, sumpah!",
"translation": "I'm not the one who took it, I swear!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-id-adv-fI~bwSso",
"links": [
[
"seriously",
"seriously"
],
[
"no joke",
"no joke"
],
[
"I swear",
"I swear"
],
[
"on God",
"on God"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpah-sumpah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpah²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه, plural sumpah-sumpah or sumpah²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum",
"pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oath"
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-noun-wET1FZVW",
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ikrar"
},
{
"word": "akuan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 8 29 9 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"promise"
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-noun-NRPZRSr3",
"links": [
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "janji"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cursing; profanity; swearing"
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-noun-JOYJquSm",
"links": [
[
"cursing",
"cursing"
],
[
"profanity",
"profanity"
],
[
"swearing",
"swearing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kutuk"
},
{
"word": "maki"
},
{
"word": "tulah"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه)",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum",
"pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 8 29 9 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"english": "I swear I didn't sleep with your husband!",
"text": "Aku sumpah, aku tak tidur dengan suami kau!",
"translation": "I swear I didn't sleep with your husband!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to swear, to promise."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-verb-qJ2uH7v9",
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"english": "As she was executed, Mahsuri cursed Langkawi to seven generations of unrest.",
"text": "Sambil dihukum mati, Mahsuri menyumpah Langkawi supaya tidak aman selama tujuh keturunan.",
"translation": "As she was executed, Mahsuri cursed Langkawi to seven generations of unrest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to curse; to cuss; to swear"
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-verb-zqs4vuvc",
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"cuss",
"cuss"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه)",
"name": "ms-adv"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum",
"pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malaysian Malay",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 8 29 9 18 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "bersumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "bersumpah-sumpahan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "dipersumpahkan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "disumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "disumpahi"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "mempersumpahkan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyumpah-nyumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyumpahi"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "persumpahan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "persumpahkan"
},
{
"english": "chamaeleon",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "chamaeleon",
"word": "sesumpah"
},
{
"english": "chamaeleon",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "chamaeleon",
"word": "sumpah-sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "sumpahan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "sumpahi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "ambil sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "balik sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "makan sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah besi kawi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah celur"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah jilat besi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah keramat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah menyelam"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah minum air keris"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah palsu"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah potong ayam"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah Quran"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah serapah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah serenah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah setia"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah uji api"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
39,
45
]
],
"english": "These spicy lamian are so mad filling, on God!",
"text": "Mi tarik pedas ni kasi kenyang gila, sumpah!",
"translation": "These spicy lamian are so mad filling, on God!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"id": "en-sumpah-ms-adv-fI~bwSso",
"links": [
[
"seriously",
"seriously"
],
[
"no joke",
"no joke"
],
[
"I swear",
"I swear"
],
[
"on God",
"on God"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, Malaysia) seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "to swear, to make a promise"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay sumpah (“to swear, to make a promise”)",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay sumpah (“to swear, to make a promise”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb",
"3": "invariable"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (invariable)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English unadapted borrowings from Malay",
"English verbs",
"Manglish",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Singlish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
49
]
],
"text": "I don’t know anything about this scandal — sumpah.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
8
]
],
"ref": "2004, Elangovan, O$P$, Singapore, →ISBN, page 16:",
"text": "I sumpah (promise) mak! Anybody can come to see you mak. I won’t tell bapak mak. If you are happy, I am happy mak. Don’t kill me mak.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
187,
193
]
],
"ref": "2017 July 4, Lee Hsien Loong, “38 Oxley Road (Debate on Ministerial Statements)”, in Parliamentary Debates: Official Report (Parliament of Singapore), volume 94:",
"text": "And because of the gravity of the matter, I voluntarily made my submissions to the Ministerial Committee in the form of sworn statutory declarations or, as they say in the coffee shops – sumpah.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To promise; to earnestly swear that something is true."
],
"links": [
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"earnestly",
"earnestly"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
],
[
"true",
"true"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Manglish, Singlish, intransitive) To promise; to earnestly swear that something is true."
],
"tags": [
"Manglish",
"Singlish",
"intransitive",
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpa/",
"tags": [
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsump˭ä]",
"tags": [
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum˧p˭ä˦˧]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum˨˧-]"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian adverbs",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Old Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/umpah",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/umpah/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bersumpah"
},
{
"word": "bersumpah-sumpahan"
},
{
"word": "mempersumpahkan"
},
{
"word": "menyumpah"
},
{
"word": "menyumpahi"
},
{
"word": "penyumpah"
},
{
"word": "penyumpahan"
},
{
"word": "persumpahan"
},
{
"word": "tersumpah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either:\n* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or\n* Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumpah-sumpah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sumpah (plural sumpah-sumpah)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sum‧pah"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum‧pah"
]
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "sumpah advokat"
},
{
"word": "sumpah apoteker"
},
{
"word": "sumpah berselam air"
},
{
"word": "sumpah bohong"
},
{
"word": "sumpah ceker"
},
{
"word": "sumpah celup"
},
{
"word": "sumpah celur"
},
{
"word": "sumpah dokter"
},
{
"word": "sumpah Hipokrates"
},
{
"word": "sumpah jabatan"
},
{
"word": "sumpah mati"
},
{
"word": "sumpah menyelam"
},
{
"word": "sumpah minum air keris"
},
{
"word": "Sumpah Palapa"
},
{
"word": "sumpah palsu"
},
{
"word": "sumpah Pemuda"
},
{
"word": "sumpah pocong"
},
{
"word": "sumpah potong ayam"
},
{
"word": "sumpah satir"
},
{
"word": "sumpah setia"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oath, vow"
],
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ikrar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian adverbs",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Old Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/umpah",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/umpah/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "menyumpah"
},
{
"word": "menyumpah-nyumpah"
},
{
"word": "menyumpahi"
},
{
"word": "penyumpah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either:\n* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or\n* Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumpah-sumpah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sumpah (plural sumpah-sumpah)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sum‧pah"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum‧pah"
]
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "sumpah sepata"
},
{
"word": "sumpah serampu"
},
{
"word": "sumpah seranah"
},
{
"word": "sumpah serapah"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"curse"
],
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kutukan"
},
{
"word": "tulah"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"swear"
],
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "makian"
},
{
"word": "umpatan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian adverbs",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Old Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/umpah",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/umpah/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay sumpah",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either:\n* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or\n* Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sumpah",
"name": "id-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sum‧pah"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum‧pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian colloquialisms",
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
36
]
],
"english": "I'm not the one who took it, I swear!",
"text": "Bukan aku yang ambil, sumpah!",
"translation": "I'm not the one who took it, I swear!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"links": [
[
"seriously",
"seriously"
],
[
"no joke",
"no joke"
],
[
"I swear",
"I swear"
],
[
"on God",
"on God"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay adverbs",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms derived from Old Malay",
"Malay terms inherited from Old Malay",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/umpah",
"Rhymes:Malay/umpah/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpah-sumpah",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumpah²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه, plural sumpah-sumpah or sumpah²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum",
"pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oath"
],
"links": [
[
"oath",
"oath"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ikrar"
},
{
"word": "akuan"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"promise"
],
"links": [
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "janji"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cursing; profanity; swearing"
],
"links": [
[
"cursing",
"cursing"
],
[
"profanity",
"profanity"
],
[
"swearing",
"swearing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kutuk"
},
{
"word": "maki"
},
{
"word": "tulah"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay adverbs",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms derived from Old Malay",
"Malay terms inherited from Old Malay",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/umpah",
"Rhymes:Malay/umpah/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه)",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum",
"pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"english": "I swear I didn't sleep with your husband!",
"text": "Aku sumpah, aku tak tidur dengan suami kau!",
"translation": "I swear I didn't sleep with your husband!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to swear, to promise."
],
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"english": "As she was executed, Mahsuri cursed Langkawi to seven generations of unrest.",
"text": "Sambil dihukum mati, Mahsuri menyumpah Langkawi supaya tidak aman selama tujuh keturunan.",
"translation": "As she was executed, Mahsuri cursed Langkawi to seven generations of unrest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to curse; to cuss; to swear"
],
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"cuss",
"cuss"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay adverbs",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms derived from Old Malay",
"Malay terms inherited from Old Malay",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Old Malay terms",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah",
"Rhymes:Malay/ah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah",
"Rhymes:Malay/pah/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/umpah",
"Rhymes:Malay/umpah/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "bersumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "bersumpah-sumpahan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "dipersumpahkan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "disumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "disumpahi"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "mempersumpahkan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyumpah-nyumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "menyumpahi"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "persumpahan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "persumpahkan"
},
{
"english": "chamaeleon",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "chamaeleon",
"word": "sesumpah"
},
{
"english": "chamaeleon",
"sense": "Affixations",
"translation": "chamaeleon",
"word": "sumpah-sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "sumpahan"
},
{
"sense": "Affixations",
"word": "sumpahi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "ambil sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "balik sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "makan sumpah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah besi kawi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah celur"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah jilat besi"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah keramat"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah menyelam"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah minum air keris"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah palsu"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah potong ayam"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah Quran"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah serapah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah serenah"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah setia"
},
{
"sense": "Compounds",
"word": "sumpah uji api"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*sumpaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "sumpa"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog sumpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "sumpah"
},
"expansion": "Javanese sumpah",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "sumpah",
"t": "oath, imprecation"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "śāpa",
"3": "-um-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation",
"t2": "active, indicative verb"
},
"expansion": "śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”)",
"name": "infix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शाप",
"t": "curse, oath"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "ms-old",
"3": "",
"tr": "sumpaḥ"
},
"expansion": "Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are two main theories as to its etymology:\n* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah.\n* From Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”).\nFirst attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سومڤه",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "سومڤه"
},
"expansion": "sumpah (Jawi spelling سومڤه)",
"name": "ms-adv"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum",
"pah"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay colloquialisms",
"Malay terms with usage examples",
"Malaysian Malay"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
39,
45
]
],
"english": "These spicy lamian are so mad filling, on God!",
"text": "Mi tarik pedas ni kasi kenyang gila, sumpah!",
"translation": "These spicy lamian are so mad filling, on God!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"links": [
[
"seriously",
"seriously"
],
[
"no joke",
"no joke"
],
[
"I swear",
"I swear"
],
[
"on God",
"on God"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, Malaysia) seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement."
],
"tags": [
"Malaysia",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsumpah/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum.pah]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umpah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-pah"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ah"
}
],
"word": "sumpah"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sumpah meaning in All languages combined (24.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.